Welcome to N+ useful commands:
How to check the computer System Variable name like: %WinDir%
PowerShell > Get-ChildItem Env:
Open CMD (command prompt):
%windir%\system32\cmd.exe–
Please see A+ useful commands here:
How to stop CMD from scrolling when you issue a command:
Basically if you add that |more last option to any command, it will list one page at a time.
Command |more
–Example below:
CMD > help |more
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To go to the next page press:
space bar
To quit that command do a:
CTRL + C
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Help or more command or how to run that command:
Command /?
What is a CMD:
is a built-in Microsoft utilities, and most utilities are found at this folder (C:\Windows\System32 )
and they run by open up CDM.exe and then you enter the name of the utility inside that folder. Example: POWERCFG power option utility
CMD > POWERCFG /?
The option you can run like:
CMD > POWERCFG -energy
Turn off hibernation:
powercfg -h off
/? is the user guide how to use it for that utility
If you do /? after the command this will tell the option that command has.
Basically you invoke that program function by issue the proper available option like: for example NETSH /? will have available functions you can run.
This program will find an ip address of that Switch. If you ever forget the IP address of a switch.
Protocols (CDP and LLDP), only work on layer 2 devices (Switch).
https://github.com/chall32/LDWin
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NET /?
A network services Commands
example:
Net Accounts /?
Stop and start a service using Net command: we will stop and start CagService.
Net Stop CagService
Net Start CagService
Netstat
is a useful tool for checking network and Internet connections such as for malware connections.
example:
netstat -a
Find out what program is using that port number: 162
netstat -ano|find “:162“
Another example: Veeam
netstat -ano|find “:9392”
*It should display as: 0.0.0.0:9392
or save the netstat result to:
netstat -a -b -o > c:\myTemp\veeam_port.txt
*Then you can open up Task Manager, search the PID to see the actual program name.
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Telnet or SSH protocol:
Allow remote connecting into that device like a server pc, switch, router.
“To see, if you can make a connection to that device.”
-Open up Putty, and Tenet to: Example
Veeam PC ip address with port: 9392
*You should get a connection error message as above.
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*Telnet or SSH has to be enable on that device in order to make connection to it.
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NBTSTAT /?
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Assign IP address via CMD:
CMD > netshinterface ipv4 set address /?
or
Window Key + R > ncpa.cpl
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TCP/IP and Networking Tools explain:
ipconfig: NIC configuration was assigned to it
Ping: the quickest way to see if that PC is reach able from here
Tracert: shows each step of the path taken from router to router (each hops on network)
Pathping: more detail like ping
Netstat: TCP connections and ports
Nslookup: its use to find the computer name corresponding to a numeric IP from a DNS Server records
Netsh: administration work
Net: network related
-extended Ping and Traceroute, “enter the command and hit enter after.”
Below is an example to show help information for the Net command:
Try the function keys, F1 to F9
F1
F7
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cmd > net /?
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Another example:
cmd > color a
cmd > color b
cmd > start notepad
How to disable the admin C share access using the Net command:
Net command are very useful in a network PC. Will use net command to disable the c and admin share, no one can access the C drive.
Type the bottom into the folder explore address bar this will allow you browse that PC c drive. The bottom technique will disable it.
\\pc name \C$
1. Copy the bottom net command and save it as .bat and then place into the Startup folder.
net share c$ /delete
net share Admin$ /delete
Show routing table on that PC:
cmd > route print
Loopback Interface:
It is software version of the Physical Port, it is a virtual interface. You can’t plug cable into a virtual interface, because it is a software base of the Network card. You can use loopback interface the same way as the real network card. The only different is loopback interface never goes down. The only time it goes down if the devices is turn off. You may already know that a physical network card will go bad over time. This is why we use lookback interface to assigned to Switch or Router or PC. Then we can remote access those device using the loopback interface ip address instead of the physical network card when doing Telnet or SSH connection.
check to see if TCP/IP stack is not corrupted, try one of the bottom command.
How to ping PC loopback interface:
cmd > ping loopback
cmd > ping 127.0.0.1
cmd > ping localhost
Reset local user password with Net command:
Net user John SuperCar86
Add user to a local PC administrator group with Net command:
Net localgroup administrators john /add
Add user to a local PC administrator group with GUI window:
Run > CMD > netplwiz
To enable the local (built-in) Administrator account with Net command:
Net user administrator active /yes
Set up automaticly login to window 7:
cmd > netplwiz
….for window XP:
cmd > control userpasswords2
How to open up CMD on that remote PC.
This is useful for running a group policy update on that remote PC by running gpupdate.exe.
Or add a user to be a local administrator. Which allow the user to be a local administrator of that PC.
Which we going to do at the bottom (4sn5nd2 is the remote computer name, and we going to ask the remote PC to open up CMD and then do the Net command to add user domain myDomain\John to be a localgroup administrator.
1. Open up a CMD on your PC and type in the bottom command:
wmic
/ node:4sn5nd2 process call create “cmd.exe /c net localgroup administrators myDomain\John /add”
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*The above wmic command only work within the same subnet of computer.
* Also, don’t forget to log off or reboot that PC for it to change.
How to create a window service or delete a service from running
CMD is not as powerful, mean a very limit of tools available, while the window power shell you can basically do anything like GUI does.
COLOR: Change the background color
PROMPT: Change the command prompt url
TITLE: Change the title of the command prompt
POWERCFG -engergy
SHUTDOWN:
SYSTEMINFO:
System File Checker
SFC /scannow
SCHTASKS: Schedule Tasks
NET USE: Map drives
CHKDSK: Check Disk
ATTRIB: Change File Attributes
BITSADMIN: Initiate upload or download and monitor the current state of those file transfers.
COMP: Compare two files to see the differences
FIND / FINDSTR: Search for strings inside of any ASCII files
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Location of personal START menu
put a link to programs, this is useful if you want to add or modify the link to that program.
C:\Users\Jon_DOLE\AppData\Roaming\Microsoft\Windows\Start Menu\Programs
More Control Panel .cpl
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Collection of all of the .CPL (Control Panel short cut)
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cmd > %windir%\system32\control.exe /name Microsoft.AdministrativeTools
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-Hold down Shift while Right Click > Run As Diffrent User
-Start Windows Command Prompt Win + R
-Start Command Prompt as Administrator Win + R, type cmd
-Access the new Windows Settings Menu Win + R, type ms-settings
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Windows Explorer:
explorer
Registry Editor:
regedit
Windows Services (local):
services.msc
Task Manager:
taskmgr
Classic System Configuration Utility:
msconfig
Classic Remote Desktop: one user can remotely use that PC
mstsc
Log Off Windows:
logoff
Shuts Down Windows:
shutdown
Command Prompt:
cmd
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Open Documents Folder:
documents
Open Videos folder:
videos
Open Downloads Folder:
downloads
Open Favorites Folder:
favorites
Open Recent Folder:
recent
Open Pictures Folder:
pictures
Open C-Drive in Explorer:
c:
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Device Management:
devmgmt.msc
Event Viewer:
eventvwr.msc
Computer Management including System Tools, Storage, Services:
compmgmt.msc
Disk Partition Manager:
diskmgmt.msc
Component Services:
dcomcnfg
Group Policy Editor: make change to the local PC
gpedit.msc
Local Security Policy Settings:
secpol.msc
Local User and Groups:
lusrmgr.msc
Performance Monitor:
perfmon.msc
Shared Folders: show all share folders
fsmgmt.msc
Network properties: show all network adapters
ncpa.cpl
To create a User account:
netplwiz
Devices Manager:
devmgmt.msc
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Classic Control Panel:
control
Classic File Explorer folder properties:
control folders
Classic Keyboard properties:
control keyboard
Classic Mouse Properties:
control mouse
Classic Printer properties:
control printers
Classic User Account Manager properties for the current user:
control userpasswords
Classic User Account Manager properties for all users:
control userpasswords2
Classic Administrative Tools:
control admintools
Classic System Information:
control system
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Classic Application Wizard:
appwiz.cpl
Classic Power Configuration:
powercfg.cpl
Classic date and time properties:
timedate.cpl
Classic Regional Settings:
intl.cpl
Classic Sound Properties:
mmsys.cpl
Classic Security Center:
wscui.cpl
Classic Internet Properties: open internet explore option
inetcpl.cpl
Classic System Properties:
sysdm.cpl
Classic Windows Firewall Properties:
firewall.cpl
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Start Windows Alarm App:
alarm
Start the Windows Calculator App:
calculator
Start the Windows Calendar app:
Start the Windows Camera App:
camera
Start the Windows Classic:
Control Panel control
Start Windows Edge App:
edge
Start Windows Get Help App:
gethelp
Start Windows Groove Music App:
groove
Start the Windows Mail app:
mail
Start Windows Map App:
maps
Start Windows Messaging App:
messaging
Start Windows Mixed Reality Portal App:
mixed
Start the Windows Office Hub App:
office
Start Windows OneNote App:
onenote
Start the Windows People App:
people
Start Windows Photo App:
photos
Start Windows Print 3D App:
print3d
Start Windows Skype App:
skype
Start Windows Sticky Notes App:
sticky
Start the Windows Store App:
store
Start Windows Voice Recorder App:
voice
Start Windows Weather App:
weather
Start Windows Whiteboard App:
whiteboard
Start Windows Your Phone App:
yourphone
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Adobe Acrobat:
acrobat
Adobe Photoshop:
photoshop
Google Chrome:
chrome
MS Excel:
excel
MS Access:
access
MS Word:
winword
MS PowerPoint:
powerpnt
Windows Media Player:
wmplayer
MS Paint:
mspaint
Wordpad:
write
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Display connection configuration:
ipconfig/all
Display DNS Cache contents:
ipconfig/displaydns
Delete DNS Cache contents:
ipconfig/flushdns
Release IP connections:
ipconfig/relase
Renew IP connections:
ipconfig/renew
Refreshes DHCP & Re-Register DNS:
ipconfig/registerdns
Display DHCP Class ID:
ipconfig/showclassid
Modifies DHCP Class ID:
ipconfig/setclassid
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Create a shared folder Wizard:
shrpubw
Direct X Troubleshooter:
dxdiag
Clean Manager – Disk Cleanup Utility:
cleanmgr
Clipboard Viewer:
clipbrd
Windows Installer Details: use for silence install software
msiexec
Windows Magnifier:
magnify
On-Screen Keyboard:
osk
System Information:
msinfo32
Volume Control:
sndvol
Windows Version:
winver
Compare Files:
comp
MS-Dos FTP:
ftp
Volume Serial Number for C:
label
Bluetooth Transfer Wizard
fsquirt
Driver Verifier Utility:
verifier
Migration Wizard:
migwiz
File Signature Verification Tool:
sigverif
Fonts:
fonts
Game Controllers:
joy.cpl
Malicious Software Removal Tool:
mrt
Private Characters Editor:
eudcedit
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An outside link to more CMD tutorial
Tips:
System Administrator: How to use Programs!
-1: You can use Google to search for info. and downloads programs.
-2: Right click, Hold a certain key like Shift Key, Check the program options, Check programs (utilities) that came with that programs.
-3: You have to play with that software and know the inside and out of that program. Weather it is an Operating System like Window or VMWare software products or backup software like Veeam. You have to get it and play with it.
-4: How to turn On the Hardware and load / reload the software into it.
…The End…
Khmer Certified 
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