Introduction to IT:
Chapter 1:
Chapter 2:
A+ useful commands (PC Desktop support role)
N+ useful commands (Networking role: Switch and Router)
Server + (Window Server feature and programs, Unix/Linux Server base)
Firewall (Security: Allow / Deny by: Host or Network, Port UDP/TCP, and Applications)
Backup (create a copy of servers, data to another local location within LAN, or remote offsite locations, or into the cloud service backup)
Patching (updating software to the latest release by that vendors, example updating Window desktop and servers or Linux server). Sometime this release may not work with others program install within the operating system. If you have to check with Vendors and do a test first before putting into production.
Storage Technology: NAS, SAN (Storage array technology use to store data).
-SAN: require different subnet within the LAN and also need specials Switch and NIC adapters.
-NAS: use the same subnet as the LAN, just plugin into the current network.
REMEMBER ALL DEVICES WILL NEED:
1. IP Address assigned to it.
2. Account: Login name and password to connect into it.
3. OS: the devices itself is running the Unix / Linux or Window Operating system.
* You’ll need a web browser to login to set it up or use SSH or Telnet to connect to it.
Example: To login to the bottom devices you’ll need the above info.
-VMware Host (ESXi) devices
-VMware VM (virtual Window or Linux Server) devices
-VMware vSphere (centralize server to manage ESXi)
-VMware vMotion (migration server of VM between ESXi)
-VMware Horizon (virtual Windows 10 desktop)
-Switch, Router devices (setup LAN, inter-LAN)
-AP (WiFi) , PC, Server
-NAS or SAN devices (storage volume ( e:\ ) assigned to VM)
-Firewall devices: SonicWall, Palo Alto (control access to locations)
-Backup software, Veeam (backup VM, or Physical PC or Folder and Files)
* Also, some of this devices maybe acting like a Server by running a certain program like FTP services, Printer Server, File Server, AD DS, DHCP, DNS, GPO etc..
* You will need to know the above info: IP address, Account login into it.
If you’re only have 5 minutes to study:
1. Know how to use that programs! Try to translate the IT term so you can easily understand it. Example:
Server = everyone connect to this Server
Client = devices doesn’t serve to other devices
Domain = Grouping Name or company name, like Microsoft
-What type of program is that? is it FTP, Browser, Web Server, Operating System, etc…
2. Difference Options or Settings of that program!
-Right Click or check out all the program Menus, Options, Directory and files options.
3. How to use tools to Re-install or to Repair it when its not working right!
-Control Panel, Administrators Tools, Tools came with the program to repair it.
4. Its a Business needs (cheap but get the task done)
5. Its a Problem to a business
6. Its a Programs use by someone to get their job done.
7. Its a Hardware and programs
8. It is a learning process for everyone, but you must be there first.
9. Common sense and treat everyone as student
10. Get the stuff, play with it and break it apart.
11. Errors are cause by Program condition wasn’t met!
-You have to know what PROGRAM had cause this error message?
-Then check the program options and see if you can get that program working again.
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-Know the software / hardware inside out.
-What each Tab of the program does and Why.
-It is just a program and was program by programmers.
-The program tested and work with that software and hardware, but now it doesn’t work. Why? Has something change or being added new? This will make the program confused. Because its not program to know prior before it was release of that version.
-Once a program are compiled into program. Customers (users) can’t modify the code.
1. User can only modify the program by go into the Options
2. Directory location and its component of files to make that program work.
3. Registry setting of the program
4. You can replace files and re-point to the right directory
5. Redo any change was made
6. Repair / Uninstall / Re-install the feature or an entire program again
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You’re the expert users of IT software and hardware:
You have to use the Software and Hardware first. This way you can teach to the end users. Which they never use the program at all.
You can focus on how to use the (Software, Program, or Applications). Because that is what we do.
A programmer on the other hand. They created and tested the software to make sure it is working on that day. If everything stay the same during life time of that software. But as we all know software files do get change later on or corrupted somehow. When this changed, program may not work correctly. Program has to change or get the latest update to make it work accordingly.
-This is why we need to patch Window (update) to keep up with the change to make that program working as usual.
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Computer will always have the following infrastructure components:
-CPU and RAM (speed),
-HD (Storage technology, RAID and Array),
-Network technology (Switch and Router)
-Video card technology (VDI and Display),
-Programs: Operating System (Window and Unix base),
-Virtualization is a concept of virtualization a desktop operating systems or servers. It mean you can install more then one operating system on to a PC hardware likeDell R740, or HPE ProLiant DL360 Gen10.
-It just a matter how fast they are and where the computer is located at.
You may call them with fancy word like Server, Virtualization, Cloud computing. They all computers or some programs, or program to act like a real physical devices. If it save the company money in getting you do the job better, then it is trend and cutting edge program.
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What is CompTIA A+ (Certificate for Desktop Support Technician):
Options in the BISO/CMOS program:
Step 1:
BIOS/CMOS is a software for the motherboard. When you press the power button on a PC, it will load this Motherboard software.
(hold down: Esc, Delete, F2, F11, or F12, etc…)
Step 2:
The OS files should be load next and run after the BIOS is closing. If the Operating System (OS) is not running you will have to go to step 3 below.
Step 3:
How to fix OS corrupted files issues:
4. boot up PC using the USB stick: Bootup repair issue (bootrec, bcd)
5. boot up PC using the USB stick: Start up Repair issue.
6 Safe mode ‘F8’ (Drivers, virus scan, msconfig)
7. System file repair (SFC/ scannow)
8. System restore (OS backup point)
9. Re-install OS, again
10. How to copy system files from USB to the HD
*USB stick contain the OS, that you download from the Microsoft.
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How to create a system image:
A system image, when you have identical PC. You can create a system image of the operating system and its devices drivers. That you can use to install to another PC.
Step A: Download the AOMEI Backup Professional and Rufus USB
Step B: Create a Rufus USB
Step C: Plug in an External Hard drive, because we going to copy the working PC image to that external hard drive, and will deploy to a new PC later.
Step D: On the working PC, plug in the External Hard Drive, Rufus USB, and boot into the Rufus USB > New Backup > System Backup >
Step E: now take the External Hard Drive, Rufus USB and plug into the broken PC, boot it up, then pick: Select To Restore > Select Image File > External HD > Disk 0
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How to load / unload a device driver:
Run > devmgmt.msc
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How to update a Firmware ‘program use for that hardware device’:
-Downloads the BIOS or Firmware from the devices vendors such as Dell, Cisco, save it to USB. Then Run > devmgmt.msc
*If your device not detected by the operating system. This is call a Legacy hardware. You can install manually using the Run > devmgmt.msc , click on the menu, Action > add Legacy Hardware > Select install hardware manually that I select from the list > follow the wizard program.
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How to replace a bad hardware with good hardware:
-Have a spare good of cable and a spare good hardware, where you can swap out and test.
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How to add / install a printer driver:
-Download new driver from the vendor like, HP
-Run > printui /s /t2
-clean and check printer roller
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Program:
Has settings locate under such as: File / Preferences / Edit / Options / Tool
Also, you can modify the program setting itself by locating that programs and its files in the installation directory. %ProgramFiles(x86)% or %programfiles% or %UserProfile%
Example, for Window OS program it has its options:
to modify the Registry files or in the Control Panel, or the program Directory and files.
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Hard Drive Technology (storage technology):
Hard Drive Interface: This is a chip-board that connect the physical hard drive to motherboard.
–Mechanical Hard Drive (obsolete)
–SSD solid state drive
Use in Desktop PC:
-EIDE (obsolete)
-SATA
-M.2
Use in Server PC:
-iscsi Hard Drive (obsolete)
-SAS SSD
“iscsi is a protocol to allow to create a share on the NAS to appear as if it was install locally on that server, but in reality, it is a share folder on a NAS device.
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Spec on a Dell PowerEdge Server Vs. HP ProLiant Server
-T stand for Tower model
–R stand for Rack type server
–E enclosure type server
–DELL EMC = High Performance Server from DELL and EMC, basically Dell is a PC, EMC is the storage solution combine into one single server.
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What is HCI? is all about combine vendors into a solution.
One Single physical server (Dell) + VSan storage + VMWare virtualization, in one single box and ready to go. Example, DELL VxRail.
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Server form factor:
-1 u: server is a flat server that takes up one unit of space when mounted in a rackmount.
-2 u
-4 u
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What is RAID:
In a normal PC you maybe can only have 2 hard drives build into it. If you want to have more hard drive on that PC. You can buy a RAID controller. RAID is a hard drive technology that can be both hardware base or software base. RAID allow to have lots of hard drives connect to the PC. It is normally setup on a server. Example, when you have a server has about 7 hard drives attached to it with RAID controller hardware. You can setup RAID for those hard drives for performance or for protection of data in case a hard drive failure. You’ll need buy a RAID Controller hardware like Dell PERC, or HP SMART ARRAY P. Please read more about RAID here:
What is CompTIA Networking + (Certificate for Network Administrator ):
Important concept to remember:
* one LAN is known also as a Prefix or subnet
* a Prefix is a block of IP address, like class of IP address: A, B, C, or Subnet class of IP address. So when you have two devices belong to the same prefix (subnet). It can talk to each other without the need of a Router. But if the two devices not in the same Prefix. You’ll need a router to allow connection between the two devices.
Example if you have two devices they’re in a Prefix 192.168.1.0
They will be able to talk to each other. But if you have one 192.168.1.0 the other in 192.168.20.0 then you will need add a router.
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How to setup network devices:
What is a Switch:
By adding a switch, it will create a physical LAN, and you can also create virtual LAN (VLAN). Switch are to interconnect two or more end devices together, like PCs, IP-phones. It is to organize or group this devices into a group knowns as one network (one broadcast network). Again, switch also can create a virtual group of network or virtual switch known as VLAN inside itself. This VLAN is use to group end devices and work and behave like a real switch. A switch is essentially is a LAN.
-So, if you have one switch and you want to have two networks (subnets). You can buy another switch or you can create another virtual switch call VLAN inside that one switch.
In a switch, you can only assign IP address to the VLAN ID interface. This virtual interface will allow you to be SSH or Telnet into that switch (to manage it). It will also will be use to connect to the router’s interface.
*Switch data known as Frame and operated at Layer 2 (Data Link layer)
*You can think of a Switch like a powerstrips. A Powerstrip allow you plug-in many electronic devices from a single wall outlet. A Switch do the same concept but to connect PCs (end devices together) to form a network.
Cisco Meraki Cloud Managed MS250-48LP Switch
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What is a Layer 3-Switch:
Are both ‘Switch and Router’. Instead of having 2 devices, router and switch. You can just get a Layer 3 switch. Layer3 switch are faster then router in term of moving packet.
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What is a Router:
Are to inter-connect two or more networks (LAN) together.
How does a Router do it? It use the router’s table. Whatever networks are lists in its router’s table. It will be able to send the packet there.
And each of the interface on a router will represent that connect LAN.
*Router data known as Packet and operated at Layer 3 (network layer)
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How to assign IP address to a networking devices:
–PC: Network Interface card (NIC)
–Switch: VLAN ID’s interface (NIC)
–Router: interfaces (NIC)
*how to enable different options in Switch and Router’s software
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PC (End devices):
You can connect into the Switch’s port and assign IP address correctly of what the PC belong to what VLAN (network). Please see how to setup VLAN in a Switch.
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What is a Firewall:
It is use to Deny / Allow connection between hosts within the networks boundary like between:
LAN(Private) <==>DMZ (public) <==>WAN (Internet)
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Cisco FirePOWER 1140
SonicWall FireWall
System Administrator:
Combining knowledge of the following:
CompTia A+, N+, Server+, CCNA, Firewall, Backup, and Customer services. Helping out people how to use programs to complete their job better.
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Director of IT:
How to delegate and put out the fire within IT. This is how to run the IT organization from hiring and help the IT technicians to performance better to suit the organization goal and training the team to a better IT persons.
Tips: “You use it daily, know it daily, or loose it daily! Because we will forget thing over time, if we don’t use it daily.”
http://www.KhmerCertified.wordpress.com
Practice! Thanks for visiting! Good Luck! And of course we ‘re all the same and important no matter where we are in our life!
Caution: “Khmer Certified nor I, or we, will not be held responsible in any way of or for anything’s. Use it at your own risk and at ‘YOUR’ own responsibility and actions!”
Quote:
“keep on Learning = keep on Earning = keep on Getting Along = keep on Living” = LEGAL
\ore:
We invented and made products to solve a certain problems. Then will require others to know how to use it, how to maintain it, and how to improve on it. As a new way of doing thing, we will discover of doing the same thing, but just using a better tools to do that same thing. And use different words to mean the same thing.
We all love to play the games.
Don’t feel bad or be down when your turn of loosing. Hopefully, tomorrow you will win, then you shall NOT be happy, neither. If we don’t play game, what else is it to do? This is why we must enjoy the games, weather you win or loose. It really doesn’t matter. Don’t take it too seriously in life.
Angkor Wat will open the door to the heaven.
1. Think of it as from a business point of view, modeling business needs! Hardware and software are just a tools like a hammer etc…its cost money to maintain and use the tools.
2. A hardware is an electronic, require power, connection and transfer packet electron from one device to the next devices. And at the core design is the software that loaded and run that hardware. Hardware in away is actually a software programmed.
3. A computer programming is like an empty state. You’ll need to tell All the data and then it got that data, then do something to that data. Only then the program can run goods or bad base on the information you had inputted.
Skills Set:
The top one are the most important and lowest one are less important.
1. Understanding the local culture
2. Understand the international language (English now)
3. IT technology skill is a must
4. Diplomacy and human skills, a good person always qualify you.
5. Job skills that you learned at school are outdated once you get out, 15% worth.
More quote:
Caution note on learning, that you are wasting your time learning from someone who is clueless about the products as you.”
“No one can discovery new information everyday! Because if you did, you will have to be the master of all “things, everything” within the universe! And when you do discovery new info. you learn new things or knew one more things then the person next to you that haven’t had a chance to expose to that information. And that is it! You don’t feel any special or shouldn’t feel any difference when you didn’t know the info before or after you knew it. And when you recruit someone who never exposed to the info. you are basically become part of larger team members and together you do something meaningful together and that is it. Weather build a rocket to go to the moon etc…you’ll need team members to be on board and know as much as you do in order to be successful trip for everyone.”
“Information is first come first server, we all exposed to it at different ages and times then encourage by some idea or person who you admire.”
“People just inventing stuff then make the products and then put out manual information’s for people to remember, study and then pay people to maintain those products”
Example, a car product, it will need a lot of care maintenance personnel to use this products.
*When we want to trade, (exchange) we cooperation first, from point of view. When we invest, we put aside today money or enjoyment into good and service that in the later future, we all can enjoy, growing into that direction.”
~Inspiration quotes:~
“We come together to create something on this earth and that is it.
What you do today, is what you’ll shall receive the next morning. There isn’t any magic or anyway around it. And remember that math and number doesn’t lie to you!” Khmer Certified
“There are a lot of junk along your way for sure in life!
Because when thing are new to you. You are Not an experience of the exchange!
You’ll make mistake, because their job to take away from new beginner like you!
And remember, there are people out there will love to make a profit of you!
Because being new in your road of life. You will pay them for sure!
You can avoid all of this by doing valuation first!
and then keep your time and money away from those people on your road of life! (Pay Yourself First!)” Khmer Certified
“We Don’t Solve any of the problem! We are basically help you, solve your own problem!” Khmer Certified
“There are time and place for every situation! Please dress appropriately from top to bottom!” Khmer Certified
“Our Age of Anxiety is, in great part, the result of trying to do today’s job with yesterday’s tools and yesterday’s concepts.” Marshall McLuhan
“If we all dream the same dream, then the reality is the future that we are now living in this world; and your action does matter!” Khmer Certified
“Its will takes a lot of times for our brain to learn any tasks or skills, be patience, practice and then try to use it. You’ll get there some day.”
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How to get into to Angkor Wat temple the walk path angkorwat angkor wat
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Khmer Certified 